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Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. LetPub Digital infrastructures, as Gillespie (2015) argued, are not neutral, but intervene. The institution of scholarly peer review as the main instance for scientific quality assurance appears to be comparably stable since more than three hundred years, despite several technical changes (Reinhart, 2010; Pontille and Torny, 2015; Horbach and Halffman, 2019). These representations on the one hand relate to the effort and the diversity of activities that go into scientific publishing (Taubert, 2016), but on the other hand, differences in the representation of peer review activities may also point to recent tensions in publishing as events indicating oversight or control may be expressions of commercial interest (Horbach and Halffman, 2019, p.12). Different to what the patent for the technology suggests, the actual use of the infrastructure may be particularly complex, revealing the difficulties in managing and maintaining collaboration among different types of actors. nature immunology about the editors About the Editors Like the other Nature titles, Nature Immunology has no external editorial board. Some of these activities, formerly external to the normal administrative editorial work, may now be automated by the infrastructure, leading to novel control technologies which may also put the editorial role under stronger pressure. Events after decision with multiplicity and median duration show that editors thoroughly communicate about negative decisions. The use of editorial management systems as digital infrastructures for the management of collaboration hence requires processual knowledge about the peer review process. The analysis may also provide first insights to what extent the events recorded are automatically generated. Editorial management systems are digital infrastructures processing the submission, evaluation and administration of scholarly articles. Also, the review-process is partly made transparent ex-post, expressed by the fact that published papers are accompanied by online supplementary material comprised of the reviewers comments, editorial decision letters and communication between authors and editorial office, unless otherwise requested by the authors. A Comparison of German Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences, Krger A. K., Hesselmann F., Hartstein J. In the second section of the results, we aim at tracing the order of the events in the editorial management system. This indicates, that administratively, the ongoing process is only indirectly affected by the reviewers recommendations, but directly affected by the editors decisions. Your manuscript is already in great shape but please go through our guidelines below that specify the correct formatting of your final resubmission to avoid delays towards formal acceptance. German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), Berlin, Germany, 2 For our analyses, only the internal representation of the process in the systems database was used, we did not investigate the frontend of the editorial management software. Usually, the times vary from two to six months, but there is no fixed rule. Plotkin (2009) in laying out the basis of the editorial management system used in our case patented a process for computer implemented manuscript review and described a prototypical journal peer review process. Reviewers read the manuscript and submit their reports. These values and criteria can, for instance, be captured by studying aims and means of the patent (Plotkin, 2009) which serves as the technological basis for the editorial management system from our investigation. Find submission status of your article / manuscript - Nature Support manuscpt under consideration 40editor decision started~ Ross-Hellauer T., Deppe A., Schmidt B. Invite the authors to revise and resubmit their manuscript to address specific concerns. We are able to compare the elements and events described in the patent (Plotkin, 2009) with its adaptation at the publisher in question, where the elements of the process could only be identified by taking event labels, performing actors and sequence of steps together. They employ single-blind peer review, which means that the reviewers are aware of the authors identities unless otherwise requested by the authors. The patent shows a limited perspective on the peer review process, rendering the system itself invisible as a component (see Figure 7). In this work, editorial management systems are perceived as an infrastructure supporting peer reviewed scientific publishing. Nature (journal) - Wikipedia .. 2002 Additionally, some events lie outside the categories of postulation, consultation, decision and administration as they indicate discussions. 8600 Rockville Pike [CDATA[// >