[22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. skywriting sequence at the Emerald City. It was July 20, 1969. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. "Kindergarten Lost Margaret Hamilton." Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. , money, salary, income, and assets. [30][31][32] The program alarms indicated "executive overflows", meaning the guidance computer could not complete all of its tasks in real time and had to postpone some of them. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Celebrity Facts and Awards - TV Guide For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. On weekends, she took her daughter Lauren to the lab to spend time with her, while she worked writing the computer routines that would go on the Apollo command module computer. In 1973, Hamilton produced the stage production of An Evening with the Bourgeoisie. For her last stage role, she was cast as Madame Armfeldt in the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, singing the song "Liaisons" for the national tour costarring with Jean Simmons as her daughter Desiree. [4][5] The family later moved to Michigan,[6] where Margaret graduated from Hancock High School in 1954. The guidance and control systems would apply to both the lunar module (which would land on the moon) and the command module (which would orbit the moon while the lunar module was on the surface, then house the astronauts on their journey home.) I was the first one to get it to work. August 17, 2016. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Margaret Hamilton - Biography - IMDb [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. In 2003, she was given the NASA Exceptional Space Act Award for scientific and technical contributions. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. Soon after, Neil Armstrong radioed the expected message to Houston: The Eagle has landed, The Eagle has landed. Margaret Hamilton, the woman who gave the moon to Mankind. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. (196566; Hamilton had been offered the role of Grandmama, but turned it down. She is a member of famous Actress with the age 83 years old group. Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. She subsequently directed and supervised the developments of the Skylab space station mission. Margaret Hamilton. While her acting career developed, her marriage began to fail; the couple divorced in 1938. If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. Biography:Margaret Hamilton (scientist) - HandWiki '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". [54][60] The IEEE Software September/October 2018 issue celebrates the 50th anniversary of software engineering. They're clapping at hearing the sound again.[11]. Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). 2003 Annual Report of the NASA Inventions and Contributions Board, 2003. Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Margaret Elaine Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. and they continued. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. Updates? In 2009, Margaret Hamilton and fellow MIT software engineers described what is was like to contribute to the Apollo missions 40 years after the famous Apollo 11 landing in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility in July 1969. We have estimated Margaret Hamilton (publisher) - Wikipedia Her solution: when you see a priority display, first count to Margaret Hamilton - Trakt [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. "The NASA Heritage of Creativity." NASA Science Social Media Consolidation FAQ, Questions and Answers for SMD Bridge Program Workshop Organizing Committee, Biological and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, PI Launchpad: Developing Your First Flight Mission Proposal, PI Launchpad: Pre-application Information Session, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2021 Virtual Workshop, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2023 In-Person Workshop, Science Mission Directorate PI Launchpad Workshop, Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project (NEBP), Ocean Community Engagement and Awareness using NASA Earth Observations and Science for Hispanic/Latino students, Best Practices for Establishing Part-Time/Time-Limited Supervisory Opportunities, Science Career Opportunities Planning and Exploration Workshop. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Biography:Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) - HandWiki (Revised December 29, 2004). [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. As she grew, she quickly developed a passion for mathematics and decided to work in this domain. With the error addressed, the lunar landings for Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were made possible. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. Earlham College, Richmond. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) - Wikipedia She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. The computer was overloaded with interrupts caused by incorrectly phased power supplied to the lander's rendezvous radar. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! [27] She did a stint as a What's My Line? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. That has been my favorite book since I was four.' Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. They were married on June 15, 1958, the summer after she graduated from Earlham. Margaret Hamilton (educator) (1871-1969), American educator Margaret Hamilton (actress) (1902-1985), American film character actress Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) (born 1936), American software engineer Margaret Hamilton (publisher) (1941-2022), Australian publisher of children's literature We had to find a way and we did. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Hat, Coat and Glove. She soon transferred, however, to Earlham College in Indiana where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, with a minor in philosophy. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Age, Height, Husband, Net Worth, Family Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. For Hamilton, although Apollo 11 was monumental, she relished the challenge of doing her job for it. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. "All of a sudden, the normal mission sequences were interrupted by priority displays of 1201 and 1202 alarms, giving the astronauts a go/no-go decision (to land or not to land)," she added. Margaret Hamilton (actress) - Wikipedia For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. CAPE ISLAND Tour boat operators sometimes entertained their passengers by referring to Cape Island as "Witch's Island." That's because the primary resident there, during summers from 1961 to 1985, was Margaret Hamilton, the actor who played the Wicked Witch of the West and Elmira Gulch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.. Guest in the House. Biography. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. The award included $37,200, the largest amount awarded to any individual in NASA's history. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. They're scared. The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. Anthony Oettinger,[53] Barry Boehm,[citation needed] and Hamilton have been credited with naming the discipline of "software engineering". "From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission," she said. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. Hamilton had to recuperate in a hospital and at home for six weeks after the accident before returning to the set to complete her work on the film and refused to have anything further to do with fire for the rest of the filming.